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Guangdong is shown in
black. Note that Chinese names are in MingLiU (Chinese Traditional) screen
font. This may appear as question
marks or other symbols if that font is not installed on your browser. |
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Provincial Capital: Guangzhou Average temperatures: 8 deg
C to 17 deg C in January; 27 deg C to 29 deg C in July. Physical features: The
province is situated on the Tropic of Cancer, with hills to the north and
lowlands to the south. It has a humid
monsoon climate with a rainy season from April to September. The area of the province is 177,901 square
kilometres. Rivers: The Pearl River dominates with
its tributaries: Xi River to the west, Bei River to the north and the Dong
River to the east. Administrative divisions: 15
cities, 73 counties and 3 autonomous counties. Historical significance:
Guangdong became part of the Chinese Empire during the Ch’in and Han
dynasties, but was not extensively populated by Han Chinese until the 12th
century. Guangzhou became China’s pre-eminent port in
the 17th century, and the city developed as a major gateway for trade. This position was subsequently lost to Shanghai. For more detail see China’s Pearl River Delta. |
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Oil was discovered in 1979 on
the Leizhou Peninsula (to the north of Hainan Island) and offshore reserves
are said to be abundant. The province
is China's fifth largest crude oil production base with an annual output of
over 12.8 million tons in 1999. |
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Notes: *Estimated |
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Yantian International Container
Terminals (YICT) is capable of accommodating the 4th generation container
vessels. Yantian, which is now the
second largest in China in terms of container handling capacity, is able to
handle more than 2 million TEUs a year.
When the planned phase 3 expansion project is completed, Yantian will
be able to play a more active role in promoting Shenzhen's overall port
transportation service. Railways -- The province is a major railway hub in
southern China, providing easy transport to most parts of the country. Major railways running through the
province include the Beijing-Guangzhou Lines（京廣線）and the Beijing-Kowloon Railway（京九線）.
The opening of the Beijing-Kowloon Railway has shortened the travel
time between Guangzhou and Beijing to 27
hours. Travel time from Guangzhou to Shantou was also shortened to about 10 hours with the
Guangzhou-Meizhou-Shantou Line（廣州－梅州－汕頭）. A
new railway, the Guangdong-Hainan line（粵海鐵路通道）connecting Zhangjiang in Guangdong with
Sanya in the Hainan Island, is under construction. It is to be completed in 2003. Highways -- Road links have been greatly improved
with the completion of Guangzhou-Shenzhen Expressway（廣深高速公路）and numerous locally-funded highways such
as the Shenzhen-Shantou Expressway.
The Humen Bridge（虎門大橋）which connects the Guangzhou-Shenzhen
Expressway with the Guangzhou-Zhuhai Highway is now in operation. During the Ninth Five-Year
Plan, coastal expressways have been planned for the eastern and western parts
of the province. The Guangdong
authorities also plan to build a network of 25 major roads linking major
cities of the province with Hong Kong and Macau. Air Transport -- The province has 7 civil airports
(including Guangzhou Baiyun, Guangzhou Huadu, Zhuhai, Shenzhen, Shantou, Zhanjiang).
Direct flight services are available to most major domestic
cities. There are also international
flight services to Manila, Bangkok, Singapore, Brisbane, Jakarta, Kuala Lumpur,
Los Angeles, Melbourne, Sydney, Seoul, and Hong Kong at the Guangzhou Baiyun
International Airport. A new Baiyun International
Airport was approved by the State Council in July 1997 and is currently under
construction. It is expected to
complete by 2010 to handle 80 million travellers and one million tons of
cargo annually. Telecommunications -- Guangdong has one of the most advanced
telecommunication networks in the country.
At the end of 2000, mobile phone subscribers in Guangdong were over
12.5 million, accounting for about 12 per cent of the country’s total. By the end of March 2001, the mobile
phone penetration rate was 18.4 per cent, which enables the province to be ranked
third after Beijing and Shanghai. Electricity -- Electricity supply in the province is
ample. The total installed electric
power generating capacity in the province was over 30 million kWh by the end
of 1999. In addition to the existing nuclear
power station（大亞灣核電站）,
which has a capacity of 1.8
million kWh, the provincial government plans to build a second nuclear power
station nearby. |
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Other products include: potatoes, corn, sorghum, millet, wheat, peanuts, soybeans, sesame,
tea, ambary hemp, jute, sun-cured tobacco, bananas, oranges, lychees,
pineapples, and other tropical fruit, rubber, oil palm, sisal hemp, coffee,
cocoa, lemongrass and pepper. |
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Guangdong has the largest
production base for light industries in China. Output of light industries accounts for over half of the
province's total industrial output.
Consumer products including electrical appliances such as television
sets, electrical fans and refrigerators, garments, bicycles, toys, shoes and
various electronic items. Guangdong also developed into a
major export-processing base for investors from Hong Kong, Macau and other
foreign investors. Foreign-invested
enterprises now account for about 60 per cent of Guangdong's industrial output. In the coming years, the
provincial authorities plan to invest heavily in infrastructure projects;
develop a strong production base of automobile, electronics, iron and steel,
building materials; and expand the tertiary sector. Guangdong's external trade
totalled US$175.5 billion in 2000, accounting for 39.8 per cent of the
country's total and ranked the top among all provinces and municipalities. Exports amounted to US$93.4
billion in 2000. Major export items
included agricultural products, chemicals, electrical appliances,
electronics, textiles, garments, toys and shoes. Imports totalled US$82.1
billion in 2000. Major imports
included raw material and other resources-based intermediate goods,
electronics, machinery, and complete set of equipments. |
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The Pearl River Delta Open
Economic Zone covers an area of 42,000 square kilometres, or about 25 per
cent of the province's area. Major
cities and towns include: Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Foshan,
Jiangmen, Dongguan, Zhongshan, Huizhou,
Huiyang county, Huidong county, Poluo county, Zhaoqing,
Gaoyao and Sihui. The zone's
population, GDP and retail sales of consumer goods accounted for 31 per cent,
76 per cent and 68 per cent, respectively, of the province's total in 1999. See China’s Pearl River Delta for
further information. Shenzhen Special
Economic Zone（深圳經濟特區） Covering an area of 391 square
kilometres, the SEZ been developed into an export-oriented economic zone
since its establishment in 1980. Its most developed industries include
electronics, toys, food processing, textiles and garment. By the end of 1999, a total of 23,608
foreign investment projects were signed, with contracted investment of
US$29.8 billion. Actually utilised
foreign capital totalled US$20.1 billion. Nearly 75 per cent of foreign
investment in Shenzhen came from Hong Kong. Those projects mainly involved in
producing electronics, telecommunication tools, light building materials and
machinery. In recent years, Hong Kong
investments have been diversified into the tertiary sector including property
development, tourism, entertainment business, and computer services
provision. Exports by the zone grew by
26.4 per cent in 2000. The city's exports
totalled US$16.1 billion and accounted for 6.5 per cent of the country's
exports. The high-tech industries,
especially the electronic and IT industries, dominate Shenzhen's
export-oriented processing trade. Zhuhai Special
Economic Zone（珠海經濟特區） Covering an area of 121 square
kilometres, Zhuhai SEZ developed into an
export-oriented economic zone since its establishment in 1980. The zone's major industries
include electronics, toys, food processing, textiles and garments, and
petrochemicals. The local government
strives to develop the zone into a high-tech production base. In the 1990s, Zhuhai utilised
more than 3 billion of foreign direct investment. Most foreign investments involved in property development,
tourism, electronics, garments, foodstuffs, toys, footwear, plastics and
other light industries. Major
investment sources include Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, Japan, the US and the
EU. In 2000, the zone’s exports grew
by 30.1 per cent to US$2.9 billion. Shantou Special
Economic Zone（汕頭經濟特區） Covering an area of 376 square
kilometres, Shantou SEZ was established in 1980 with
the approval of the State Council to attract foreign direct investment and
develop export-processing trade.
Major industries in the zone include chemicals, electronics,
pharmaceuticals, textiles, machinery and garments. The zone is expected to become a
powerhouse of hihg-tech industrial development within the next 10 years. It will focus on developing electronics
and information, bio-engineering, new materials and photo-electric
industries. The city plans to build
six centres involving high-tech industrial development, modern agricultural
demonstration and experiments, technological innovations and maritime activities. Economic and
technological development zones -- ETDZs, 經濟技術開發區） Apart from the designated open
economic zone and special economic zones, Guangdong has 11 state-level
economic and technological development zones, 6 bonded zones and 59 provincial-level economic and technological
development zones. This includes: Guangzhou Economic and
Technological Development Zone（廣州經濟技術開發區） Zhanjiang Economic and
Technological Development Zone（湛江經濟技術開發區） Nansha Economic and
Technological Development Zone（南沙經濟技術開發區） Huizhou Zhong Kai New and
High-Tech Development Zone （惠州仲凱高新技術產業開發區） Foshan New and High-Tech
Development Zone（佛山高新技術產業開發區） Guangzhou Nansha Economic and
Technological Development Zone （廣州南沙經濟技術開發區） Shenzhen Industrial Park（深圳科技工業園） Daya Bay Economic and
Technological Development Zone（大亞灣經濟技術開發區） Guangzhou Tianhe New and
High-Tech Development Zone（廣州天河高新技術產業開發區） Zhongshan Torch New and
High-Tech Development Zone（中山火炬高新技術產業開發區） Zhuhai New and High-Tech
Development Zone（珠海高新技術產業開發區） |
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Guangdong's retail sector is
one of the most developed in China with a broad mix of retail outlets
including department stores, shopping malls, supermarkets, specialty stores,
chain stores and warehouse clubs. Guangzhou and Shenzhen were
selected by the State Council in 1992 as two of the 11 designated pilot
cities to establish pilot Sino-overseas joint venture retail enterprises with
import and export rights. The Guangzhou Hualian-Broadway
Co. Ltd., Guangzhou Zhengjia Enterprise (Commercial) Co. Ltd. and the
Shenzhen Wal-Mart were approved by the State Council as three of the 19 pilot
retail joint ventures in China. Other
major overseas-invested cooperative retail enterprises approved by the local
government include Chia Tai Makro from Thailand （正大萬客隆）, Wal-Mart from the US in Shenzhen, Carrefour from France, Jusco from Japan, and
dozens of franchised chain stores (such as U2, G2000, Baleno, Bossini,
Fortei, etc.) from Hong Kong. Major department stores and
shopping centres in Guangdong include Guangzhou Friendship Department Store（廣州友誼商店有限公司）, Guangzhou Department Store（廣州百貨大樓）, Guangzhou Xindaxin Co.（廣州新大新公司）, Nanfang Shopping Centre（南方大廈）, Dongshan Department Store（東山百貨大樓）, Shenzhen Duty Free Shop Enterprises Group（深圳巿免稅企業集團有限公司）, Guangzhou Chia Tai Makro Co.（廣州正大萬客隆）, Zhuhai Duty Free Shop Enterprise Group（珠海巿免稅企業集團有限公司）, Shenzhen Wanjia Department Store Co.（深圳萬佳百貨股份有限公司）, Fushan Xinghua Shareholdings Co.（佛山巿興華股份有限公司）, Shenzhen Tianhong Department Store Co.（深圳天虹商場有限公司）, Guangzhou Huaxia Department Store（廣州華夏百貨公司）, Zhuhai Department Store Co.（珠海百貨集團有限公司）, Guangzhou Wangfujing Department Store Co.（廣州王府井百貨大樓有限公司）, etc. |
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Ø
Shenzhen Ø
Zhuhai Ø
Foshan Ø
Dongguan Ø
Huizhou (eastern portion of
the region) Ø
Zhaoqing (western portion
of the region) Eastern Industrial Region – This is based mainly on industries associated with rural output in
that part of the province. Ø
Shantou Western Industrial Region – This is the site of a number of resource-intensive industries. |
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Guangzhou occupies a pivotal position in the Pearl River
Delta. Products include processed
food, textiles, steel, paper, cement, fertilizer, chemicals, motor vehicles,
and machinery. About 15 per cent of
China’s foreign trade is conducted within the city and it is the site of a major
bi-annual international trade fair. Refer also to China’s
Pearl River Delta. |
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Shenzhen is across the canal from Hong Kong and benefited greatly
from investment from the Special Administrative Region in the 1980s (when it
was a Crown Colony). Shenzhen was the
first and the most important of the Special Economic Zones that characterise
China’s initial “open door” policy. Its initial reputation was mixed, as a result of poor
working conditions and a thriving black market, but it rapidly became a
boomtown. Its growth rate reached 45
per cent during a peak period and this is said to be the highest in the world. There are three Shenzhens, which causes some
confusion. Shenzhen City is located
at the Lo Wu border crossing with Hong Kong; Shenzhen Special Economic Zone incorporates
the area mainly to the east and west of Shenzhen City; and Shenzhen County
extends several kilometres beyond the SEZ. Production in the SEZ was mainly export processing until
the latter part of the 1980s, when the zone moved rapidly into higher
technology production. |
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Its growth rate was somewhat slower than Shenzhen’s, but
it is rapidly catching up with numerous high-rise hotels, factories and
dwellings for workers. These
developments pushed the industrial portion farther to the north of the zone. |
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Shantou is the third Special Economic Zone in Guangdong
Province and is the main port in the eastern part of the province. It was officially opened to foreign trade
in 1860. The port became a convenient
stopping point on the sea journeys from Hong Kong to Fujian Province. It is about 300 kilometres from Hong Kong
and about 450 kilometres from Fuzhou. Harbour facilities between Hong Kong and Shantou are
rather poor, due to coastal silting and to mountain ranges that come close to
the coast. |
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It has recently become a major centre for information
technology industries in the province. |
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French investment remains substantial, particularly in
relation to oil exploration along the Leizhou Peninsula |
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Dongguan is situation about 50 kilometres east of Guangzhou and forms an important element in the
Guangzhou-Shenzhen portion of the Pearl River Delta. Though smaller than Foshan, it also
participates in the rapidly growing information technology industries. |
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Huizhou is in the eastern portion of the Pearl River Delta
Open Economic Zone, though it would be considered outside the geographical
area that is known as the Pearl River Delta.
It is about 100 kilometres east of Dongguan. The area surrounding Huizhou is mainly agricultural and the
city’s initial industrial enterprises developed from rural products. The city subsequently attracted a number
of electronics manufacturers and this now provides a large share of the
output. |
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Zhaoqing is about 90 kilometres west of Guangzhou and is classified as part of the Pearl River Delta
Open Economic Zone. Like Foshan, the city is expected to place increased emphasis on services such as
science and technology, finance, commerce, trade and tourism. For Zhaoqing,
the focus will be on the supply of these services to enterprises within the city
and to its immediate hinterland. |
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Hong Kong Trade Development Council (http://www.tdctrade.com) |
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