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The Australia-China Chamber of Commerce and Industry
of New South Wales

 


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HAINAN PROVINCE
(海南省)

hainan

Hainan is shown in black.

Note that Chinese names are in MingLiU (Chinese Traditional) screen font.  This may appear as question marks or other symbols if that font is not installed on your browser.


General Profile:


Population: 42,300,000

Regional Capital: Kunming

Average temperatures: 8 deg C to 17 deg C in January; 11 deg C to 29 deg C in July.

Physical features: The province is situated in a mountainous area, with high elevations in the northwest and low elevations in the southeast.  Most of the population lives in the eastern part of the province.  In the west, the relative height from mountain peaks to river valleys can be as much as 3,000 metres.  The total land area in the province is 394,000 square kilometres.

Rivers: The principal rivers are: Nu, Lancang, Jinsha, Yuan and Nanpan Rivers.

Administrative divisions: 11 cities, 8 autonomous prefectures, 86 counties and 28 autonomous counties.

Historical significance:  Yunnan became part of China during the Han Period (206 BC to 220 AD) but became the seat of a Thai kingdom known as Nan Chao in the 8th century.  The Mongols conquered the region in the 13th century, with local control exercised by warlords until the 1930s.  As with other parts of China’s southwest, Japanese occupation in the north during World War II forced a migration of Chinese into the region.

Ethnic minorities in Yunnan account for 34 per cent of its total population.  Major ethnic groups include Yi(彝), Bai(白), Hani(哈尼), Zhuang(壯), Dai(傣)and Miao(苗).



Natural Resources:


Yunnan is one of the major production bases of copper, lead, zinc, tin and aluminum in China.  Gejiu(箇舊)City is well known as "the kingdom of Zinc" with the reserves ranked first in the country.  The Yunxi brand refined tin is one of the main products in Gejiu, which is registered on the London Nonferrous Metal Exchange.  Other mineral resources include germanium, indium, zirconium, platinum, rock salt, nickel, phosphate, mirabilite, arsenic and blue asbestos.

The province is one of the major forest zones in China.  Its forest area accounts for 24 per cent of the country's total.  Yunnan is also an important base of aromatic plants and flora in China with more than 300 varieties of essential oil-bearing plants and 2,500 kinds of ornamental plants and flowers. 


Economic Profile:

 

1999

2000

Economic Indicators

Value

Growth

Value

Growth

(% p.a.)

(% p.a.)

Gross domestic product (RMB bn)

10.6*

9.6*

N/A

N/A

Per capita GDP (RMB)

4,262

N/A

N/A

N/A

Disposable income per capita

  - urban (RMB) 

6,908.7

N/A

7,426.3

7.5

  - rural (RMB)

1,309.5

6.3

1,330.8

1.6

Fixed asset investment (RMB bn)

5.3

29.8

4.9

-7.5

Value added by sector

  - primary (RMB bn)

3.4

N/A

--

--

  - secondary (RMB bn)

2.4

N/A

--

--

  - tertiary (RMB bn)

1.0

N/A

--

--

Retail sales (RMB bn)

3.5

8.3

4.3

13.2

Inflation (CPI, %)

0

-0.1

Exports (US$ bn)

0.08

166.7

0.1

37.5

  - by FIEs (US$ bn)

--

--

0.004

--

Imports (US$ bn)

0.08

33.3

0.04

-50

  - by FIEs (US$ bn)

0.01

0

0.002

-80

Foreign direct investment

  - number of projects

--

--

--

--

  - contracted amount (US$ bn)

--

--

--

--

  - utilised amount (US$ bn)

--

--

--

--

Notes: *Estimated
Sources: China Statistical Abstract, 2001.

 


Infrastructure:


Water Transport --- The Lancangjiang River(瀾滄江), which connects the Mekong River(湄公河), extends southward through Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam to the South China Sea.  Shipping services are also available from Zhaotong's Shuifu port(昭通縣水富港)to Shanghai.  The landlocked province, however, relies more on railways leading to Guangxi's Beihai(北海)and other ports in Southern China.

Railways Major railways in the province include Chengdu-Kunming (成昆線:成都-昆明), Guiyang-Kunming(貴昆線:貴陽-昆明), Kunming-Hekou(昆河線:昆明-河口)and Nanning-Kunming(南昆線: 南寧-昆明).  Other railways include Guangtong-Chuxiong(廣通-楚雄), Guangtong-Dali(廣通-大理)and Kunming-Yuxi(昆明-玉溪).  A new railway, Neijing-Kunming(內昆線: 內江-昆明)is expected to be completed by October 2001 and will pass through several cities in Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan provinces.  This railway is an integral part of the Southwest Sea Passage.

Roadways Kunming and Dali are the major transportation hubs in Yunnan.  Major highways include Yunnan-Guizhou(滇黔線), Yuannan-Guangxi(滇桂線), Yunnan-Sichuan(滇川線)and Yunnan-Tibet(滇藏線), which connect Yunnan with neighbouring provinces and autonomous regions.  Three highways from Yunnan to Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam will be upgraded. 

Air Transport The province has 9 civil airports included Kunming, Dali, Baoshan(保山, Xishuangbana(西雙版納, Simao(思茅), Zhaotong(昭通), Lijiang(麗江)and Diqing(迪慶).  The Kunming Wujiaba (巫家壩) International Airport offers direct flights to Hong Kong, Japan, Bangkok, Singapore, Rangoon, and Chiang Mai. 

Telecommunications Telecommunication has been developed rapidly over the past years.  By March-2001, subscribers for mobile phone services were over 2 million.

Electricity -- In addition to the existing thermal power plants, a number of hydropower stations on the lower- and middle-reaches of the Lancang River are under construction.  In 2000 Yunnan generated 11.2 billion KW electricity, ranking 2nd in China.


Agriculture:


Products include: rice, wheat, corn, sorghum, potatoes, sugar cane, peanuts, soybeans, peas, rape seed, tea, oranges, bananas, pineapples, coconuts, walnuts, cotton, silk, flue-cured tobacco, timber, tropical plants, tin, copper, zinc, marble and phosphorus.


Industry:


In 2000, industrial output of the province totalled Rmb103 billion and industries are located mainly in Kunming, Yuxi, Qujing and Red River.

Food processing industry is significant in the province and Yunnan Puer Tea(普洱茶)is well known at home and abroad.  Tobacco and cigarettes are also famous with brand names including Hongtashan(紅塔山), Ashima(阿詩瑪), Yunyian(云煙)and Hongmei(紅梅).  Yuxi is one of the most important tobacco production bases in China and the nation's largest cigarette manufacturer, Hongta Group (玉溪紅塔煙草集團), is located in this city.

Yunnan is also one of the major coffee growing and processing bases in China.  Famous coffee enterprises, Maxwell and Nestle companies, have both signed contracts with Yunnan to provide 10,000 tons of coffee beans annually.  By May, 2001, Puer had become the largest coffee plantation base in China.

Yunnan's textiles, clothing and leather industries are also well developed.  Other major industries include tourism, rubber, forestry and paper products, chemicals, building materials, machinery and other light industries.

In the tenth Five-Year Plan (2001-2005), the province will invest a total of 150 million yuan to set up a special fund to further develop the export of high-tech products in the fields of biological technology, medicine, new materials, electronic information, environmental protection and the optical-electromechanical field.


Science and Technology:


Kunming Economic and Technological Development Zone(昆明經濟技術開發區)
The zone has been upgraded to state-level in February 2000.   It mainly develops commerce and trade, real estate and hi-tech industries.  By the end of 1999, the zone approved 236 foreign invested projects and 12 of them exceeded US$10 million. 

Kunming New & Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone (昆明高新技術產業開發區) The zone was approved by the State Council in 1992 and focuses mainly on the development of biology engineering, biomedical engineering, combined technique of optical, mechanical and electrical engineering, new building materials and information technology.

Kunming Dianchi Tourism & Vacation Zone(昆明滇池旅遊度假區) This zone approved by the State Council in 1992 as one of the 12 state-level vacation and tourism development zones.  A great number of holiday facilities were completed and more projects are under construction.

Ruili Border Trade Economic Cooperation Zone(瑞麗邊境經濟合作區and Wanding Boundary Economic Cooperation Zone(畹町邊境經合作區)were approved by the State Council in 1992 to develop border trade with Myanmar

Other development zones in Yunnan include :

Qujiang Economic and Technological Development Zone

Yuxi Economic and Technological Development Zone

Dali Economic and Technological Development Zone

Chuxiong Economic and Technological Development Zone 

Songming Yanglin Experimental Zone for County & Township Industries

Hekou Boundary Economic Cooperation Zone

Jiegao Border Trade Economic Zone

Lijiang Yulong Snow Mountain Tourism Zone

Cangshan Mountain & Erhai Lake Tourism and Vacation Zone at Dali

Xishuangbanna Tourism and Vacation Zone

Tengchong (Tourism and Vacation Zone

Yangzonghai Lake Tourism and Vacation Zone

Fuxian Lake Tourism and Vacation Zone


Consumers’ Market:


Retail sales of consumer goods in Yunnan rose by 8.2 per cent to RMB 58.3 billion in 2000.  Kunming is the major consumer centre, with retail sales accounting for 37 per cent of the provincial total. 

The Kunming Department Store Co. Ltd.(昆明百貨大樓)is the largest retailer in Yunnan.  Other major retailers include Kunming Wuhua Shopping Arcade(五華大廈), Kunming Cherry Shopping Centre and Kunming Yuandong Shopping Centre(昆明大觀商業城), etc.  US retailer, Wal-Mart (美國沃爾瑪公司), is one of the major investors of Kunming Yuandong Shopping Centre.

Other major retailers include Kunming Sakura Shopping Centre(昆明櫻花購物中心), Kunming Southwest Commercial Building(昆明西南商業大廈), Kunming Panlong Building(昆明盤龍大廈), Kunming Kundu Shopping Centre(昆明昆都商場), Kunming Tianyuan Shopping Centre(昆明天元商場)and Zhengyi Department Store (正義百貨商店); as well as the Xiaguan Depa rtment Store(大理下關百貨大樓)and Gucheng Shopping Centre(古城商場)in Dali.

The Kunming International Flower Trade and Auction Centre (昆明國際花卉交易和拍賣中心is the largest flower market in China.


Key Cities in Yunnan Province:


Eastern industrial zone – this includes the region around Kunming.

Ř  Kunming

Ř  Yuxi

Ř  Qujing

Western industrial zone – this region is mountainous, with agriculture along the rivers.

Ř  Red River

Ř  Dali

Ř  Chuxiong


Kunming 昆明:

 

:


1999 data:

Population

GDP

Industrial Output

Retail Sales

('000)

(RMB bn)

(RMB bn)

(RMB bn)

4,734

59 (+8.0%)

59.8 (+9.7%)

21.7 (+16.0%)

Kunming is situation in the north-central part of the province, at the northern end of Lake Dian.  The city existed for 2,000 years and was made a secondary capital by the Nan Chao kingdom (Dali was the main capital). 

Manufacturing in the city is varied, partly as a result of the remoteness of the province.


Yuxi 玉溪:

:


1999 data:

Population

GDP

Industrial Output

Retail Sales

('000)

(RMB bn)

(RMB bn)

(RMB bn)

1,991

29.4 ( -9.5%)

28.4 (-12.1%)

3.5 (+0.0%)

Yuxi is about 80 kilometres south of Kunming and is the centre of the tobacco-growing region.


Qujing 曲靖:


1999 data:

Population

GDP

Industrial Output

Retail Sales

('000)

(RMB bn)

(RMB bn)

(RMB bn)

5,352

20.0 (+3.6%)

17.9 (+13.3%)

4.5 (-2.2%)

Qujing lies about 120 kilometres northeast of Kunming


Red River 紅河:

:


1999 data:

Population

GDP

Industrial Output

Retail Sales

('000)

(RMB bn)

(RMB bn)

(RMB bn)

3,908

13.3 (+9.0%)

13.9 (+11.2%)

3.6 (+5.9%)

The Red River flows in a south-easterly direction, south of Kunming, and crosses the border with Viet Nam.  After passing through Hanoi, it enters the South China Sea at Nam Dinh.  Red River Municipality is made up of urban areas along the river. Gejiu is the largest of these.  Agriculture-related activities dominate the region.
 


Dali 大理:


1999 data:

Population

GDP

Industrial Output

Retail Sales

('000)

(RMB bn)

(RMB bn)

(RMB bn)

3,263

12.5 (+8.7%)

8.2 (+10.8%)

3.3 (+0.0%)

Dali is situated on Lake Erhai, about 260 kilometres west of Kunming.  The city retains an historic atmosphere that differs from most other cities in China, and is said to have started 3,000 years ago.


Chuxiong 楚雄:


1999 data:

Population

GDP

Industrial Output

Retail Sales

('000)

(RMB bn)

(RMB bn)

(RMB bn)

2,490

9.9 (+6.4%)

7.8 (+9.9%)

2.5 (+8.7%)

Chuxiong is about 110 kilometres directly west of Kunming.


Information Sources:


Information contained in this page was obtained from:

Hong Kong Trade Development Council (http://www.hktdc.com).


Additional Information:


We are in the process of maintaining regular contact with organisations in the cities listed.  Please contact us if you require additional information about Yunnan Province or any of the cities listed.


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