The Australia-China Chamber of Commerce and Industry
of New South Wales

 


 

 




HUNAN PROVINCE(湖南省)

Hunan Province is shown in black.

Note that Chinese names are in MingLiU (Chinese Traditional) screen font.  This may appear as question marks or other symbols if that font is not installed on your browser.

 


General Profile:


Population: 64,400,000

Provincial Capital: Changsha

Average temperatures: 4 deg C to 8 deg C in January; 26 deg C to 30 deg C in July.

Physical features: Land area is 212,000 square kilometres.  Mountains and hills cover about 80 per cent of the province.  A small plain surrounds Dongting Lake in the central north near the border with Hubei province.

Rivers: Xiang, Yuan and Zi Rivers are the principal waterways. The Yangtze River touches the border near Dongting Lake.

Administrative divisions: 24 cities, 1 autonomous prefecture, 74 counties and 6 autonomous counties.

Historical significance: Hunan was the centre of a southern kingdom known as the Ch’u.  It was incorporated by the Qin Dynasty in 221 BC and thus became part of the unified Chinese state.

Dongting Lake is the major tourist attraction, with an area of 2,828 sq km.  Mount Hengshan, which is 1,290 metres high is also of interest.

Historical sites include:

Ø       Emperor Yan’s Tomb(炎帝陵)in Yanling County,

Ø       Emperor Shun’s Tomb(舜帝陵)in Ningyuan County,

Ø       Memorial Temple of Qu Yuan (屈原紀念館)in Miluo County,

Ø       Chuangwang Mausoleum(闖王墓), built in the late Ming Dynasty,

Ø       Yueyang Tower(岳陽樓) one of the three major historical monuments in South China,

Ø       Yuelu Academy(嶽麓書院), one of the top four academies of the Song Dynasty,

Ø       Aiwan Pavilion(愛晚亭), one of top four pavilions in China, and
 

Ø       Tomb of Mawangdui(馬王堆)from the Eastern Han Period.

 


Natural Resources:


As with other provinces in the central region of China, Hunan is rich in mineral and agricultural resources.  This arises from the combination of mountains and alluvial plains. 

Its reserve of bismuth, rubidium, bone coal, fluorite, barite and monazite are the largest in the country.  Reserves of manganese, vitriol, rhenium, arsenic and kaolin the second, and that of zinc, aluminium, tin, tantalum, graphite, diamond and cement materials the third.

The production volume of lead, zinc, hard alloy, salt fluorite and ramie textile products of Hunan Province are the first in the country.  Production of tungsten, aluminium, zinc, mercury and pottery are second.

 


Economic Profile:

 

 

1999

2000

Economic Indicators

Value

Growth

Value

Growth

 

 

(% p.a.)

 

(% p.a.)

Gross domestic product (RMB bn)

332.7

6.1*

368.9

9.0*

Per capita GDP (RMB)

5,227

5.5

N/A

N/A

Disposable income per capita

 

 

 

 

  - urban (RMB)

5,815.4

7.0

6,218.7

6.9

  - rural (RMB)

2,127.5

3.0

2,197.2

3.3

Fixed asset investment (RMB bn)

54.1

14.1

63.4

17.2

Value added by sector

 

 

 

 

  - primary (RMB bn)

77.1

-7.3

78.1

1.3

  - secondary (RMB bn)

140.6

8.9

146.3

4.1

  - tertiary (RMB bn)

122.9

12.9

144.4

17.5

Retail sales (RMB bn)

122.9

9.2

136.5

11.1

Inflation (CPI, %)

-2.4

 

1.4

 

Exports (US$ bn)

1.4

5.3

1.6

14.2

  - by FIEs (US$ bn)

0.1

18.2

0.2

100

Imports (US$ bn)

0.8

20.0

1.4

61.9

  - by FIEs (US$ bn)

0.2

0

0.3

50

Foreign direct investment

 

 

 

 

  - number of projects

320

-23.1

320

0.0

  - contracted amount (US$ bn)

0.5

-54.2

0.7

32.5

  - utilised amount (US$ bn)

0.7

-20.1

0.7

3.8

Notes: *In real terms
Sources:
Statistical Yearbook of Hunan and State Statistical Bureau

 

 


Infrastructure:


Water Transport --The water transport network of Hunan centres around the Dongting Lake, with the Xiang(湘), Zi (資)and, Yuan(沅)Rivers serving as major arteries. Annual handling capacity of the network is over one million tons. The Changlinji (城陵磯)wharf in Yueyang City on the bank of the Dongting Lake is the largest export shipping port of Hunan, and can berth a 5,000-ton cargo ship.

Railways -- Major railways include the Beijing-Guangzhou line, Zhicheng-Liuzhou, Zhejiang-Jiangxi, Hunan-Guizhou and Hunan-Guangxi lines, linking the province to all directions in the country. The construction of the Shashi-Yueyang(沙市-岳陽) line is underway.

In the Tenth Five-Year Plan, the Hunan provincial government plans to invest heavily in the construction of railways and highways.  The construction of the Shashi-Yueyang (沙市-岳陽)line is underway. Another major railway that links Chongqing and Hunan, the Chongqing-Huaihua(重慶-懷化)line’s construction had begun recently.  The Hunan section of the Datong-Zhanjiang(大同-湛江)line is also under construction.

Roadways -- Major highways include Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan, Yueyang-Guangzhou and Changsha-Zhangjiajie lines.  Recently, the construction of the Xiang-Zi-Gui Highway(湘-資-桂高等級公路)that links Hunan and Guangxi provinces was completed.

In the Tenth Five-Year Plan, Hunan provincial government expect to construct the following roadways: the Xiang-Lai Road(湘來線), Lai-Yi Road(來宜線)and Lin-Chang Road(臨長線), which are main parts of the Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway, the Tan-Shao Road(潭-邵線), the Changsha Metro Superhighway(長沙國道繞城幹線), the Hengzao Road(衡棗線), and the Changde-Zhangjiajie Road(常德-張家界線).

Air Transport -- Hunan's international airport, Huanghua Airport, in Changsha operates regular services to major domestic and international cities including Hong Kong and Bangkok.  Other domestic airports are located at Changde, Hengyang, Lingling and Zhangjiajie.

Telecommunications -- Telecommunications capacity in Hunan has increased substantially in recent years.  Mobile phone services are available in major cities.  At the end of April 2001, there were over 2.18 million subscribers for mobile phone and 830,000 internet users.

 


Agriculture:


Summer rice and winter wheat are the leading agricultural products of the province.  Other products include: potatoes, maize, sorghum, millet, rape seed, soybeans, peanuts, sugar cane, sesame, tea, cotton, ramie, silk, flue-cured tobacco, tongue oil, tea oil, lotus seeds, yangtao, oranges, lily, timber, pork and goose meat.

 


Industry:


In 2000, Hunan's industrial output totalled RMB 170.4 billion.  Industries are mainly located at Changsha, Yueyang, Hengyang, Changde and Zhuzhou.

Metallurgy, machinery and electronics, food, chemicals, textiles, energy and building materials are the pillar industries in Hunan.  Hunan's production of ferrous alloys and household ceramics are the highest in the country.  Other major products include machine tools, automobiles, motorcycles, electric motors, cement, chemical fertilizer, chemical fibre, pesticides and garments.

The machinery industry has developed rapidly and can now produce more than 3,000 kinds of products including electric locomotives, tractors, heavy machine tools and high-precision electronic equipment.

Major export goods included clothing, textiles, silk, rice, pottery, tea, live pigs, iron alloy and steel products.  Manufactured goods account for about some 85 per cent of Hunan's total exports.  Major export markets were Hong Kong, the US, Japan, Germany and Republic of Korea.

Imports also rose by 62 per cent to US$136 million in 2000.  Major import goods included aquatic products, non-ferrous metals, steel, electronic equipment, chemical raw materials, tobacco, paper and chemical fertilizers.  Major import sources were Hong Kong, the US, Germany, Japan and Australia.

 


Science and Technology:


Hunan Changsha Economic and Technological Development Zone ( Special Investment Zone) 湖南省長沙經濟技術開發區(特別招商區)

This special zone is located in the town area of Changsha county, contiguous to the eastern suburbs of Changsha city.

The special zone encourages investment in and development of industry, high and new technologies and service trades.  Emphasis is placed on foreign investment in such new industries as microelectronics, new materials, bioengineering, information and communication and new sources of energy.

Changsha New and High Tech Industries Development Zone 長沙高新技術産業開發區

This is a national-level development zone authorised by the State Council.  The planned area of the zone situated on the west bank of the Xiang River and by National Highway No. 319.

The zone is divided into the industrial district, the multi-functional district and a residential district, etc.

Yueyang Economic and Technological Development Zone (岳陽經濟技術開發區)

This is a key development zone of Hunan Province. The zone, conveniently located at the junction of the golden waterway the Yangtze River, the 107th National Highway, the Dongting Lake and the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, is linked to Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Xi'an and other major cities in China by air, water, rail and road.

Zhuzhou New and High Tech Industries Development Zone (株洲高新技術産業開發區)

This is another state-approved national-level development zone in Hunan province. It is located in the city of Zhuzhou, a hub of communications and an important industrial base in southern China. The zone encourages development of aviation and space technologies, fine chemicals and other hi-tech products.

 


Consumers’ Market:


Retail sales of consumer goods in Hunan rose by 11.2 per cent to RMB 136.5 billion in 2000.  Among the consumers’ markets, Changsha and Yueyang are the largest.

Major department stores and shopping centres in Hunan include Hunan Changsha Friendship Group(湖南長沙友誼(集團)有限公司), Hunan Commercial Group(湖南省商業集團總公司), Changsha Department Store(長沙百貨集團公司)and Hengyang Department Store(衡陽百貨文化總公司).

 


Key Cities in Hunan:


Northern industrial region:  This is portion of the province that is part of the Yangtze River system:

Yueyang and

Changde

Central industrial region: This includes the cities along the Xiang River that flows northward to the Yangtze.  Most of the cities in the part of the province began as rural-support cities:

Changsha

Hengyang and

Zhuzhou

 


Changsha 長沙:


1999 data:

Population

GDP

Industrial Output

Retail Sales

('000)

(RMB bn)

(RMB bn)

(RMB bn)

5,825 (+1.0%)

58.8 (+8.3%)

29.4 (+6.9%)

19.4 (-14.5%)

Changsha is located in the northeastern part of the province, along the Xiang River.  It has been an urban area for more than 3,000 years, and was sustained for this period by the fertile Hunan plains.  It became a major trading centre for agricultural products.

 


Yueyang 岳陽:


1999 data:

Population

GDP

Industrial Output

Retail Sales

('000)

(RMB bn)

(RMB bn)

(RMB bn)

5,193 (+0.8%)

33.1 (+8.2%)

23.3 (+11.0%)

11.6 (+8.4%)

Yueyang is located about 150 km north of Changsha, along the provincial border with Hubei Province.  It lies along the Yangtze River, the point where the upstream portion opens into a network of connected lakes, the set of which is referred to as Dongting Lake.

Yueyang is a port city for Yangtze River ferries.

 


Changde 常德:


1999 data:

Population

GDP

Industrial Output

Retail Sales

('000)

(RMB bn)

(RMB bn)

(RMB bn)

5,965 (+0.3%)

31.9 (+4.9%)

13.0 (+8.3%)

10.6 (+7.1%)

Changde lies on the western portion of Dongting Lake, and is about 70 km from Yueyang.

 


Hengyang
衡陽:


1999 data

Population

GDP

Industrial Output

Retail Sales

('000)

(RMB bn)

(RMB bn)

(RMB bn)

6,901 (+0.3%)

78.1 (+9.9%)

47.2 (-12.3%)

19.2 (+10.1%)


Hengyang is downstream from Changsha on the Xiang River from (about 15 km to the south).  It is one of the relatively small industrial cities of central China, with rail links to Guilin-Nanning and Beijing-Guanzhou.

The city has important lead and zinc mining industries.  It was badly damaged during World War II and reconstruction was completed only recently.

 


Zhuzhou
株州:


1999 data:

Population

GDP

Industrial Output

Retail Sales

('000)

(RMB bn)

(RMB bn)

(RMB bn)

3,701 (+0.6%)

28.1 (+6.8%)

18.3 (-1.6%)

10.1 (+7.4%)

Zhuzhou is about 40 km south of Changsha by straight line, but the distance is greater by water due to bends in the Xiang River. 

The city was a small market town early in the 20th century, but expanded rapidly when the railway from Guangzhou to Wuhan was completed in 1937.  Its manufacturing sector is growing rapidly, but transport services continue to be an important activity for the city.

 


Information Sources:

 


Information contained in this page was obtained from:

Hong Kong Trade Development Council (http://www.tdctrade.com)

 


Additional Information:

 


We are in the process of maintaining regular contact with organisations in the cities listed.  Please contact us if you require additional information about Hunan Province or any of the cities listed.

 

 


Return to the top of this page.