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Liaoning is shown in
black. Note that Chinese names are in MingLiU (Chinese Traditional) screen
font. This may appear as question
marks or other symbols if that font is not installed on your browser. |
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Regional Capital: Shenyang Average temperatures: 17 deg
C to -5 deg C in January; 21 deg C to 25 deg C in July. Physical
features: High elevations occur in the east and west; low
plains are in the central and the southern coastal areas. Liaodong Peninsula in the south stretches
into the Bohai Sea. Land area is 147,500 square
kilometres. Rivers: The Liao River is the principal
waterway of the province. The Yalu
River forms the boundary between China and North Korea. Administrative divisions: 19 cities and 34 counties and 5 autonomous counties. Historical significance: Liaoning
first became part of China in the Han Dynasty (206 BC to 220 AD) and
subsequently developed into China’s most urbanised and industrialised
province. |
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Liaoning also possesses rich
salt resources along its coastline, which also provides an excellent source
of seafood. Lüshun（旅大）is the most famous fishing port in China,
supplying ocean fish and shellfish for the domestic markets and for
exports. |
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Notes: *Estimated |
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A new port in Panjin（盤錦）was put into operation recently. It is located at the Bohai Rim and it
expects to handle commodities and oil products from the Liaohe Oilfield. In the Tenth Five Year Plan,
the Liaoning Provincial Government plans to improve the facilities of its
major ports. Two of the projects
include the expansion of the Dalian port and Jinzhou port and investors are currently being sought. Railways -- Liaoning has one of the most widely used
railway networks in China. Major
trunk railways include Jingha Line（京哈線: Beijing-Harbin 北京－哈爾濱）, Shenda Line（瀋大線: Shenyang-Dalian 瀋陽－ 大連）, Shenji Line（瀋吉線: Shenyang-Jilin 瀋陽－吉林）, Shendan Line （瀋丹線: Shenyang-Dandong 沈陽－丹東）and Hada line（哈大線: Harbin-Dalian 哈爾濱－大連）.
Construction of QinShen line（秦瀋線: Qinhuangdao-Shenyang 秦皇島－瀋陽）,
which will link Hebei and
Liaoning is now in progress. The
electrification of the Harbin-Dalian line, which is the first rail line in
the northeast to be electrified, is almost completed. A new railway network covering
2,200 kilometres from Harbin to Changxing（長興）in Zhejiang Province, is under
construction. The railway network
will link the Hada line with a 170-kilometre-long ferry passage from Dalian to Yantai in Shandong. It will further extend from Shandong to Zhejiang and on to Shanghai and Jiangsu. When completed it will be a significant
improvement in to the rail network serving Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning,
Shandong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces. Roadways -- Major roadways
in the province include the Shenyang-Dalian Highway that links Shenyang, Fushun, Benxi（本溪）, Tieling（鐵嶺）and Huancheng（環城）; Shen-Shan Expressway（瀋山高速公路）which links Shenyang with Shanhaiguan（山海關）in Hebei. The Shenha
Expressway（瀋哈高速公路）from Shenyang to Harbin was completed
recently. In the Tenth Five Year Plan, the Liaoning Provincial Government is planning
to connect all 14 cities in the province with expressways. T he last four
major expressways of this project: Dandong-Benxi Expressway（丹東－本溪高速公路）, Panjin-Haicheng Expressway（盤錦－海城高速公路）, Jinzhou-Zhaoyang（錦州－朝陽高速公路）, and Jinzhou-Buxin（錦州－埠新高速公路）are under construction and will be completed by the end of 2002. Air Transport -- Liaoning has two international airports
- the Shenyang Taoxian International Airport（瀋陽桃仙機場）and the Dalian Zhoushuizi International
Airport（大連周水子國際機場）.
There are also four provincial airports in Dandong,
Jinzhou, Zhaoyang（朝陽）and Changhai（長海）.
Scheduled passenger services to Tokyo, Fukuoka, Seoul, Pyongyang,
Moscow and Hong Kong, and chartered cargo flights to Japan, the US, Romania,
Thailand, the Netherlands and Canada are available. Telecommunications -- Telephone penetration rate is high in
Liaoning. In 2000 alone the province
had 2.04 million new mobile phone users. Internet users also reached 780,000.
Electricity -- Liaoning has established one of the most
developed electricity supply networks within the country and it also takes
the major part of the electricity-supply network in northeast China. Recently, a 500 KW electric
cable from Suizhong（綏中）in Liaoning to Qianxi（遷西） in Tianjin is
constructed. This is the first cable
that links the Northeastern China Electric Network with the
Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Electric Network. It will provide extra capacity for the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan
area. |
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In 2000, Liaoning's external
trade reached US$20.1 billion. Provincial
exports rose by 30.9 per cent to US$10.6 billion in that year. Exports of manufactured goods included
machinery and electronics. Other major exports included textiles, garments,
silk, cement, soybeans, corn and seafood.
Major export markets were Japan, the USA, Republic of Korea, Hong Kong
and Germany.
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Major zones include the
following:
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Ø
Shenyang Ø
Anshan Ø
Fushun Coastal industrial zone
-- or the Bohai Economic Belt includes: Ø
Dalian Ø
Jinzhou Ø
Yingkou Border industrial zone – near the Korean Peninsula: Ø
Dandong |
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Shenyang is about 175 kilometres from the coast (Bohai
Sea). It was a major trading centre
in the 11th century and became the cultural centre for the Manchus. The city was occupied by the Russians at
the end of the 19th century, after which the region was dominated by warlords
and by the Japanese in 1931. Heavy industries dominate employment in the city, although
service industries are beginning to expand. |
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Dalian occupies an extension of the Liaodong Peninsula,
which, with the smaller port city Lüshun,
is sometimes referred to as Lüda. The
entire peninsula was acquired by Japan near the end of the 19th century, but
the Russians, French and Germans forced the Japanese to withdraw, only to see
the Japanese regain it in 1905. In the period after 1949,
Dalian gained status as a major port serving the already industrialised
northeast. It gradually gained
prominence in light manufacturing, as well as shipbuilding and
chemicals. The city is noted for
being remarkably clean and orderly. |
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Anshan is approximately mid-way between Shenyang
and the Bohai Sea. The mountains to
the east have iron ore deposits and this contributed to the city’s well-developed
iron and steel complex. Other
industries include chemicals and machinery.
The city was reconstructed shortly after 1949, thus giving
it more modern industrial facilities than other portions of the northeast. |
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Fushun’s industrial output is facilitated by abundant coal
supplies, and some oil-shale deposits in the nearby Hinggan Mountains. It is about 30 kilometres east of
Shanyang. Industries in the municipality include aluminium, iron and
steel, petroleum refining, machinery, cement, rubber and fertilizer. |
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Jinzhou is about 25 kilometres from the Bohai Sea and is
beginning to benefit from the spread of industrial enterprises along the
coast from Dalian to Tangshan. |
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Dandong lies along the Yalu River at the point at which
the river forms an estuary with the Yellow Sea. It is also along the rail line that connects Shenyang
with Pyongyang in North Korea. Local
industries include watch making, knitting, printing and food processing. |
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Hong Kong Trade Development Council (http://www.tdctrade.com) China Council for the Promotion of
International Trade, Liaoning Sub-Council (tradeln@mail.sy.ln.cn) Liaoning Provincial Foreign Affairs Office (http://www.china-liaoning.org) |
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