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LIAONING PROVINCE（遼寧省）
Liaoning is shown in
black.
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General Profile:
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Population: 42,400,000
Regional Capital: Shenyang
Average temperatures: 17 deg
C to -5 deg C in January; 21 deg C to 25 deg C in July.
Physical
features: High elevations occur in the east and west; low
plains are in the central and the southern coastal areas. Liaodong Peninsula in the south stretches
into the Bohai Sea. Land area is 147,500 square
kilometres.
Rivers: The Liao River is the principal
waterway of the province. The Yalu
River forms the boundary between China and North Korea.
Administrative divisions: 19
cities and 34 counties and 5 autonomous counties.
Historical significance: Liaoning
first became part of China in the Han Dynasty (206 BC to 220 AD) and
subsequently developed into China’s most urbanised and industrialised
province.
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Natural Resources:
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Liaoning has rich mineral
resources with substantial deposits of coal and iron ore. The Liaohe Oilfield（遼河油田）is one of the largest in China. Its output of crude oil ranks fourth in
China, with 14.3 million metric tons produced in 1999. Liaoning’s reserve of boron, magnetite,
diamonds and jade are the largest in China.
Liaoning also possesses rich
salt resources along its coastline, which also provides an excellent source
of seafood. Lüshun（旅大）is the most famous fishing port in China,
supplying ocean fish and shellfish for the domestic markets and for
exports.
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Economic Profile:
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1999
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2000
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Economic
Indicators
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Value
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Growth
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Value
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Growth
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(%
p.a.)
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(% p.a.)
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Gross domestic
product (RMB bn)
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417.2
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9.0*
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466.8
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8.9*
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Per capita GDP (RMB)
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9,958
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8.5
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N/A
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N/A
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Disposable income per
capita
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- urban (RMB)
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4,898.6
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6.0
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5,357.8
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9.4
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- rural (RMB)
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2,501.0
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0.8
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2,355.6
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-5.8
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Fixed asset
investment (RMB bn)
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90.5
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4.0
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102.8
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13.6
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Value added by sector
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- primary (RMB bn)
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52.0
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-3.7
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51.0
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-1.9
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- secondary (RMB bn)
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199.6
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6.9
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210.7
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5.6
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- tertiary (RMB bn)
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163.1
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16.6
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185.1
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13.5
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Retail sales (RMB bn)
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169.6
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8.1
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184.8
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9.0
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Inflation (CPI, %)
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-3.9
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-0.1
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Exports (US$ bn)
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8.1
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6.7
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10.6
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30.9
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- by FIEs (US$ bn)
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4.4
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13.5
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6.3
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43.2
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Imports (US$ bn)
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6.5
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6.0
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9.5
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46.2
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- by FIEs (US$ bn)
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3.9
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28.7
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6.1
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56.4
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Foreign direct
investment
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- number of projects
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1,147
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-32.6
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1,851
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61.4
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- contracted amount (US$ bn)
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3.3
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-24.7
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5.0
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51.5
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- utilised amount (US$ bn)
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1.1
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-51.5
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2.0
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92.6
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Notes: *Estimated
Sources: Statistical Yearbook of
Liaoning and State Statistical Bureau.
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Infrastructure:
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Water Transport -- The province has five ports for
international shipping: Dalian, Yingkou,
Huludao（葫蘆島）, Dandong and Jinzhou. Dalian
is the fourth largest container port in terms of cargo handling tonnage in
China, with a throughput of 85.1 million tons in 1999. Inland water transport is seasonally
available along the Liao（遼河）and Yalu（鴨綠江）rivers.
A new port in Panjin（盤錦）was put into operation recently. It is located at the Bohai Rim and it
expects to handle commodities and oil products from the Liaohe Oilfield.
In the Tenth Five Year Plan,
the Liaoning Provincial Government plans to improve the facilities of its
major ports. Two of the projects
include the expansion of the Dalian port and Jinzhou port and investors are currently being sought.
Railways -- Liaoning has one of the most widely used
railway networks in China. Major
trunk railways include Jingha Line（京哈線: Beijing-Harbin 北京－哈爾濱）, Shenda Line（瀋大線: Shenyang-Dalian 瀋陽－ 大連）, Shenji Line（瀋吉線: Shenyang-Jilin 瀋陽－吉林）, Shendan Line （瀋丹線: Shenyang-Dandong 沈陽－丹東）and Hada line（哈大線: Harbin-Dalian 哈爾濱－大連）.
Construction of QinShen line（秦瀋線: Qinhuangdao-Shenyang 秦皇島－瀋陽）,
which will link Hebei and
Liaoning is now in progress. The
electrification of the Harbin-Dalian line, which is the first rail line in
the northeast to be electrified, is almost completed.
A new railway network covering
2,200 kilometres from Harbin to Changxing（長興）in Zhejiang Province, is under
construction. The railway network
will link the Hada line with a 170-kilometre-long ferry passage from Dalian to Yantai in Shandong. It will further extend from Shandong to Zhejiang and on to Shanghai and Jiangsu. When completed it will be a significant
improvement in to the rail network serving Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning,
Shandong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces.
Roadways -- Major roadways
in the province include the Shenyang-Dalian Highway that links Shenyang, Fushun, Benxi（本溪）, Tieling（鐵嶺）and Huancheng（環城）; Shen-Shan Expressway（瀋山高速公路）which links Shenyang with Shanhaiguan（山海關）in Hebei. The Shenha
Expressway（瀋哈高速公路）from Shenyang to Harbin was completed
recently.
In the Tenth Five Year Plan, the Liaoning Provincial Government is planning
to connect all 14 cities in the province with expressways. T he last four
major expressways of this project: Dandong-Benxi Expressway（丹東－本溪高速公路）, Panjin-Haicheng Expressway（盤錦－海城高速公路）, Jinzhou-Zhaoyang（錦州－朝陽高速公路）, and Jinzhou-Buxin（錦州－埠新高速公路）are under construction and will be completed by the end of 2002.
Air Transport -- Liaoning has two international airports
- the Shenyang Taoxian International Airport（瀋陽桃仙機場）and the Dalian Zhoushuizi International
Airport（大連周水子國際機場）.
There are also four provincial airports in Dandong,
Jinzhou, Zhaoyang（朝陽）and Changhai（長海）.
Scheduled passenger services to Tokyo, Fukuoka, Seoul, Pyongyang,
Moscow and Hong Kong, and chartered cargo flights to Japan, the US, Romania,
Thailand, the Netherlands and Canada are available.
Telecommunications -- Telephone penetration rate is high in
Liaoning. In 2000 alone the province
had 2.04 million new mobile phone users. Internet users also reached 780,000.
Electricity -- Liaoning has established one of the most
developed electricity supply networks within the country and it also takes
the major part of the electricity-supply network in northeast China.
Recently, a 500 KW electric
cable from Suizhong（綏中）in Liaoning to Qianxi（遷西） in Tianjin is
constructed. This is the first cable
that links the Northeastern China Electric Network with the
Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Electric Network. It will provide extra capacity for the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan
area.
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Agriculture:
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Provincial agricultural
products include: corn, millet, sorghum, rice, wheat, potatoes, rice,
soybeans, peanuts, rape, sesame, cotton, ambary hemp, silk, flax, tussah,
apples, pears, grapes and ginseng.
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Industry:
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Liaoning's industrial output
totalled RMB 417.0 billion in 2000.
Major industries included iron and steel, petrochemicals, metallurgy,
machinery, electronics, shipbuilding, building materials, papermaking and
textiles. Mechanical and electrical
products are the province's main export products.
Liaoning is one of
the most important heavy industry production bases in China, with Shenyang, Dalian and Fushun as the major industrial centres in the
province. Some enterprises such as
Shenyang FAW-Jinbei Co. Ltd., Dalian Iceberg Group, Dalian Shipbuilding
Plant, Dalian Rolling Stock Plant, Anshan Steel Group, Fushun Petrochemicals
Co. and Benxi Steel (Group) Co. Ltd. take significant roles in their own
sectors including electrical power, steel, automobiles, petrochemicals,
aviation, shipbuilding and machinery.
The province's light industry mainly focuses on the
development of textiles and clothing industries which include cotton and wool
spinning, chemical fibre, knitting, silk, garments and textile machinery. Dalian is a major fashion cente in China and The China
Dalian International Garment Fair has been held annually to boost the
industry.
Within the next few years, Liaoning will continue to
restructure its large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises and will concentrate
in developing its four pillar industries - petrochemicals, metallurgical, machinery
and electronic sectors. Industrial
activities along the Bohai Sea will be integrated into a Bohai Economic Belt,
making it one of the major development regions in China.
In 2000, Liaoning's external
trade reached US$20.1 billion. Provincial
exports rose by 30.9 per cent to US$10.6 billion in that year. Exports of manufactured goods included
machinery and electronics. Other major exports included textiles, garments,
silk, cement, soybeans, corn and seafood.
Major export markets were Japan, the USA, Republic of Korea, Hong Kong
and Germany.
Imports also
increased by 46.2 per cent to US$9.5 billion in 2000. Major import commodities included machinery,
electronic equipment and components, fertilizers, raw materials and
chemicals. Major import sources were
Japan, Republic of Korea, Hong Kong, Indonesia and the USA..
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Science and Technology:
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Liaoning has 5 state-level economic
and technical development zones (ETDZs), one tourist holiday resort and one
bonded zone, and 13 provincial-level ETDZs.
Overseas investments are encouraged to invest in electronics,
machinery, food processing, garment processing, textile, transportation in
these zones.
Major zones include the
following:
Dalian
Economic and Technical Development Zone（大連經濟技術開發區). This was the first ETDZ in China approved by the State
Council in 1984 and it has developed a systematic industrial structure of
electronics, machinery, textiles and light industry, building materials,
petroleum, chemicals, and medical instruments.
Shenyang
Economic and Technical Development Zone（瀋陽經濟技術開發區, SETDZ）was approved by the State Council in June
1988. By the end of 1998, more than
900 firms from 36 countries and regions had launched businesses in the SETDZ
with contracted investment of US$4.57 billion, of which, US$3.5 billion was
foreign capital. In addition to its
existing core industries, which include chemicals, pharmaceuticals,
automobiles and food processing, the SETDZ is expected to pursue development
of bio-technological and environmental protection industries as well.
Yingkou
Economic and Technical Development Zone（營口經濟技術開發區）was established in 1992 with the approval
of the State Council. Investment projects with new- and hi-tech are welcome
to invest in the zone.
Dandong
Border Economic Cooperation Zone（丹東邊境經濟合作區）was established
in 1992 with the approval of the State Council. It is designed to expand external trade and economic
cooperation between the Korean Peninsula and Japan in the fields of trade,
tourism, export processing, information consultancy, bonded warehousing and
port transportation.
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Consumers’ Market:
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Liaoning's retail sales of
consumer goods reached RMB184.8 billion in 2000, placing it fifth among all
provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China. Major consumer centres are located in Shenyang and Dalian.
In 1992, the State
Council selected Dalian as one of the 11 designated pilot cities to establish
one to two pilot Sino-overseas joint-venture retail enterprises with
import-exports rights. The Dalian International Commercial Trade Shopping
Arcade Co., a JV retail store between the Dalian Shopping Center（大連商場有限公司）and Japan's Nichii（尼齊宜）was approved by the State Council as one of
the 18 pilot JV retail enterprises.
Dalian Friendship Group Corporation（大連友誼集團）and Wal-Mart from US（美國沃爾瑪公司）also formed a JV retail enterprise,
Wal-Mart Dalian Supercentre, has been opened recently. Covering 20,000 square metres, the new
Supercentre is the seventh store that Wal-Mart invested in China.
Major department
stores and shopping centers in Liaoning include Zhongxing-Shenyang Commercial
Building（中興瀋陽商業大廈）and Zhongxin-Dalian Commercial Building（中興大連商業大廈）.
Other major department stores include Maikaile Dalain Shopping Arcade（邁凱樂大連商場）,
Tianhe Baisheng Shopping Centre（天河百盛購物中心）, Sincere Qiulin Building（先施秋林大廈）, Shenyang Department Store（瀋陽百貨公司）, Dalian
Shopping Center Shareholdings Co.（大連商場股份有限公司）, Jingzhou Zhongbai Shopping Arcade
Holdings Co.（錦州中百商廈集團公司）, Anshan No.1 Department Store Co.（鞍山一百股份有限公司）, and Fushun Department Store（撫順百貨公司）.
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Key Cities in Liaoning Province:
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Central plains industrial zone – this includes:
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Shenyang
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Anshan
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Fushun
Coastal industrial zone
-- or the Bohai Economic Belt includes:
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Dalian
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Jinzhou
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Yingkou
Border industrial zone – near the Korean Peninsula:
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Dandong
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Shenyang 瀋陽:
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1999 data:
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Population
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GDP
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Industrial Output
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Retail Sales
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('000)
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