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Inner Mongolia is shown
in black. Note that Chinese names are in MingLiU (Chinese Traditional) screen
font. This may appear as question
marks or other symbols if that font is not installed on your browser. |
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Regional Capital: Hohhot. Average temperatures: -23 deg
C to -10 deg C in January; 17 deg C to 26 deg C in July. Physical features: Land
area is 1,183,000 square kilometres. In
the northeast of the region lies the Greater Hinggan Range with dense
forests. To the west of the range is
the Hulunbuir Plateau, with vast grasslands for grazing. The rest of Inner Mongolia consists of
numerous deserts, or salt and alkali lakes, with scattered highlands. Rivers and lakes: The
Yellow River enters part of the region, as does the Ergun River and the upper
reaches of the Liao River. Lake Hulun
is in the plateau region in the northeastern part of the province. Administrative divisions: 16
cities, 18 counties, 51 banners and 3 autonomous banners. Historical significance: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, what is
now the Republic of Mongolia and the Amur Administrative Region of Russia
comprised the homeland of the Mongols.
Genghis Khan united the various tribes in the Asian grasslands in 1206
and established a vast empire. His
grandson, Kublai Khan completed the conquest of southern China, the
stronghold of the Song Dynasty, in 1279 and become the first emperor of the
Yuan Dynasty. . Mongol conquests succeeded mainly from the mobility
achieved with horses and with both skill and cunning in the use of
weapons. This did not contribute to
the ability to rule and the Yuan Dynasty was overthrown in 1368 by a group of
Chinese rebels who founded the Ming Dynasty. The cultural heritage of Mongols is not regarded as
significant (except, perhaps for Xanadu Palace which lies about 231
kilometres north of Beijing at Duolin) since the Mongols borrowed heavily
from the culture of the Chinese during their reign. They did, however, establish roads from Beijing to Hohhot and on to Baotou, which
opened the way for migration from the south.
They also initiated a variety of public works projects in northern
China, including renovation of the Grand Canal. Currently, about 10 per cent of the Inner Mongolian
population are Mongols and remain practitioners of Tibetan Buddhism, with
some Muslims. The remainder of the
population consists of Han Chinese, and other ethnic groups including: Hui（回）, Manchu（滿）, Daur（達幹爾）, Ewenki（鄂溫克）, Oroqen（鄂倫春）, Korean（朝鮮）, Zhuang（壯）, Tibetan（藏）, and Tu（土）. China
administered most of Mongolia during the Ming and Manchu reigns, but the
Republic of Mongolia was established 10 years after the collapse of the
Manchus (Qing Dynasty) in 1911. It
was Mao Zedong’s intention to include both Inner Mongolia and Outer Mongolia
as autonomous states in the Chinese Federation, but Outer Mongolia remained
firmly under Soviet control in the period after 1949. |
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Notes: *In real terms |
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Roadways － The road network in the
region is well developed and the Hohhot-Baotou Expressway is the major
highway in Inner Mongolia. This is to
be upgraded as part of the current Five-Year Plan. Air Transport － Air travel is becoming the major source of
transport for the region and the Hohhot
airport has more than 47 air routes to major cities in China. Small aircraft and helicopters are used
increasingly with livestock production. Telecommunications －By February-2001, the
telephone penetration rate in the region jumped from 7.5 per cent in 1998 to
32.2 pre cent and subscribers for mobile phone reached 1.1 million. Power Supply － With the power generating capacity of 6.2
million kWh, the region has become a major power supplier for China's
Northeast Power Grid, the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Power Grid, and for
Mongolia. |
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The grasslands contribute to major livestock-breeding activities. The region has the largest number of
horses, cattle, sheep including fine-wool sheep, white goats and camels. Fine wool, cashmere and camelhair cloth
are important by-products. In 1999,
milk production in the region ranked third in the country. |
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As noted previously, Inner
Mongolia is an important base of iron and steel industry. The role of the Baotou Iron and Steel
Company（包頭鋼鐵公司）is significant in the development of this
industry in China. Textile industry is one of the
significant industries in the region.
The Ordos Group （鄂爾多斯集團）is one of the best known manufacturers. |
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This is the largest of the
state-level ETDZ in Inner Mongolia.
Approved by the State Council in 1992, it focuses on electronics,
textile, machinery, light industries including food processing, biological
and medical supplies and chemicals. Baotou Rare Earth
High and New Technological Development Zone （包頭稀土高新技術產業開發區） This is another state-level ETDZ
and specialises in the processing of rare earth minerals. The zone has 253 enterprises and attracted
RMB 2.2 billion in investment. |
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Major department stores and
shopping centres in Inner Mongolia include Inner Mongolia Minzu Market（內蒙古民族商場股份有限公司）, Baotou Department Store （包頭市百貨大樓集團公司）, Inner Mongolia Tianyuan Commercial
Building （內蒙古天元商廈）, Inner Mongolia Xinshiji Mall（內蒙古新世紀廣場）and Chifeng Department
Store（赤峰市百貨大樓）. |
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Ø
Hohhot Ø
Baotou Eastern industrial region – this includes the portion of Inner Mongolia from Ulan Hot to the
northern border. Ø Chifeng Ø
Tongliao |
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Hohhot is about 400 kilometres from Beijing in a straight
line. The rail connection is longer
as it passes through Zhangjiakou in Hebei Province, then goes southwest to
Datong and then directly north to Jining （集寧）in Inner
Mongolia, which is part of the main line to Ulaan Baatar in the Republic of
Mongolia. Hohhot is served from an
east-west line from Jining. Current plans are to construct a more direct rail link
between Jining and Zhangjiakou, which will reduce the travel time between
Hohhot and Beijing to 5 hours. The city is the administrative and educational centre of
the region. Its history dates back to
the 16th century and was originally built around temples and lamaseries. Hohhot means “blue skies” in Mongolian and
this most probably arose from is status as one of the sunniest cities in the
region, and probably also in China. Hide and wool are the main activities, although diesel
machinery, fertilisers and sugar refining are important activities. |
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Baotou lies on the northernmost portion of the Yellow
River, about 150 kilometres west of Hohhot. Baotou means “land of the deer” in
Mongolian, which gives an indication of its early importance as a source of
water. Industrial development followed the exploitation of coal,
iron ore and mineral deposits in the region and it is substantially more
industrialised that the other cities in the region. |
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Chifeng 赤峰: |
Chifeng is the principal city in the eastern part of Inner
Mongolia. It is less then 25
kilometres from the border with Liaoning Province and is therefore more
closely related to the trading activities of that province, than to those of
the central and eastern part of Inner Mongolia. |
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We presume that Hulunbeier is one of the communities near
Lake Hulun in the northeastern part of the region. Other cities in that area are Manzouli and Hailar and both are
close to Russian Siberia. |
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Tongliao
is about 300 kilometres northeast of Chifeng and about 60 kilometres from the
border with Jilin Province. |
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